Characteristics
A decomposer is an organism that decomposes, or breaks down, organic material such as the remains of dead organisms. Decomposers include bacteria and fungi. These organisms carry out the process of decomposition, which all living organisms undergo after death. Decomposition is an important process because it allows organic material to be recycled in an ecosystem.
Decomposers play an important role in every ecosystem. Without decomposers, dead organisms would not be broken down and recycled into other living matter. The reason decomposers decompose, however, is simply because they need to survive. Decomposers are heterotrophic, which means they get their energy from ingesting organic material. A dead organism provides nutrients for decomposers like bacteria and fungi to use in order to grow and reproduce, propagating their own species. The side effect of this basic need to survive is that organic material and nutrients are cycled throughout the ecosystem as other organisms consume the bacteria and fungi.